AIDS is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
HIV attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, often called the “helper” T-cells.
Once these specialized cells are destroyed, the body’s ability to fight off other infections and illnesses is compromised. AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV, and is the final stage before death.
AIDS is different to other diseases in that no cure has yet been found for it, however, there are treatments available that increase the life expectancy of those with HIV.
HIV is typically transmitted through sexual contact, sharing needles or from a mother to her child during pregnancy, but can also be passed on through increased contact with other bodily fluids, such as saliva or blood.
The most reliable methods of preventing the spread of HIV are education, prevention and early detection. In terms of education, it is important to make sure people are aware of how HIV is transmitted and the ways in which it can be avoided, such as using condoms and not sharing needles.
Prevention is also possible through encouraging people to get tested for HIV, as early stage detection can offer a better long-term prognosis.
Lastly, treatments and medications are available which can help to extend the life of someone with HIV and also reduce the risk of transmitting the virus.
In conclusion, although AIDS remains a huge problem around the world, there is hope that with increased education, prevention and access to treatments, it can one day be conquered.